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EnigmA Amiga Run 1996 March
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EnigmA AMIGA RUN 05 (1996)(G.R. Edizioni)(IT)[!][issue 1996-03][Skylink CD IV].iso
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cd2mc.lha
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CD2MC.uk
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1996-01-19
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Why this program? The answer is very simple: I never found a program able to
let you backup your CDs onto tapes for personal use. This one not only does
this with a lot of feautres, but it prints out the tape cover too!
In a few words, CD2MC provides the "Edit" function (and something more, I
guess...) of the home stereos, so I think it could help a lot of people who,
like me, have a poor stereo not provided with the Edit function; in any
case, I suggest the "luck fellas" to just have a look at CD2MC, it could
serve them well too...
The use of CD2MC is easy: in fact, it needs no parameters, just launch it
from the CLI or the Workbench; it was programmed under Kickstart 1.3 so it
should be compatible with all the available types of Amiga, and with
whatsoever version of Kickstart. The only attention arises from the fact
that in the directory DEVS: there must be the "printer.device" driver with,
in the directory "printers/", the filename of the own's printer, while in
the FONTS: directory there must be the fonts Helvetica 9, Garnet 16, Ruby
15, Diamond 12, Times 13,available as default on the disks of the Amiga OS.
The program needs at maximum 354 RAM Kb, but anyway there is a memory check,
and for instance if there isn't the possibility of activating a requester,
an alert will be displayed. But let's see now in detail the possibilities
offered by this program:
============================================================================
*FIRST PART - INSERTING DATA*
-----------------------------
*STRING GADGETS*
================
These gadgets allow the inserting both of the song title and the length of
the songs and of the tape, the title of the album and the name of the
singers. It is possible to insert up to 42 different songs, so to permit the
backup of double-CD's or of CD particularly full of songs, and also allows
the creation of multitapes (see after). Each time you press the carriage
return key, the cursors will automatically move on the next string gadget.
It is also possible to perform this operation by hand, although if not
convenient. Just bear in your mind that empty spaces between the songs
aren't allowed; in other words, as soon as there is an empty space, all what
follows will be erased. On the left you can see the number of the song
associated with its name, so that you'll be able to program your stereo with
the right numbers. Would you want to skip some songs, it is possible to make
the song name precede by a two digits sequence followed by a ".": for
instance, if I want the songs number 1,3,4,5 I will regularly write the
title of the first song, while in the next gadget I will write "03.Song
number 3". Pressing the carriage return, on the left you'll see the number 3
instead of 2, and the string gadget will only contain the song name. From
that point on, the count will go on regularly (i.e. 4,5,6 a.s.o.) till new
order. As it regards timings inserting, times over 30 minutes aren't
allowed, nor void times or empty gadgets. The separation sign between
minutes and seconds is a ":", but while writing it is possible to insert
whatsoever character you wish, as for example "," or ".", useful the latter
in case you use the numeric pad. If a song length is lesser than one minute,
you can just write the number of secs. A "00:" will be automatically added.
Remember that for a perfect optimization you may need to check the song
length by reading it directly from the CD, and not by taking for granted
what is written on the cover, as often those data differ from reality. In
case you write impossible values ("12:88") or alphabetic chars ("aa:bb") the
program will signal the mistake. The tape-length gadget is a three-digits
gadget in oder to also allow the (obsolete) use of 100 or 120 mins long
tapes. The length is referred to both the sides of a tape, i.e. to what one
can read on the tape itself. To end, the gadgets about author(s) and
title(s) represent what will be shown in the cover, once printed. It is also
possible to insert just one author and two titles (for very long album
names) or two authors and just one title (for example, in case you backup
classical music).
*OPTIONS GADGET*
================
The options gadget, put near the tape lentgh one, are "A","B","3","M","C"
and "+".
-"A" Gadget: this one says that only side A is available; this function may
reveal itself useful in case you already have an engaged side.
-"B" Gadget: as for the "A" one, but this time the free side is the B one.
-"3" Gadget: I've put this option as many CD readers have as an option the
possibility of adding 3 secs at the end of each song. Thus, the optimization
will also consider this factor. It is mixable with "A" and "B".
-"M" Gadget: This one is useful to create more than one cassette, each one
though all of the same length. Once optimized, the whole list of the
cassettes will be shown. This way, one may have 42 particulalry interesting
songs and the wish of recording them on a certain numbers of, for instance,
60 minutes tapes. With this option, this is possible!
-"C" Gadget: this is a rather interesting function, as it allows to record
the songs onto a tape of a length lesser than the one of the CD. Obviously,
some songs will be erased, but only in as the lesser number as possible. It
is mixable with "3", "A" and "B".
-"+" Gadget: this function lets you consider songs as linked together, so
that the optimization doesn't split them. It is useful if you need to backup
a classical music CD, where the singles acts of an entire opera cannot of
course be splitted! Just bear in your mind that if I want to attach the
number 1 to the 2, and 3 to 4 I'll put the "+" on the 1 and 3; should I put
it also on the 2, I'd get numbers 1,2,3,4 linked altogether.
*CONTROL GADGETS*
=================
The control gadgets are: "First Fit", "Best Fit", "Manual", "New", "Custom",
"Next", "Previous";
-"First Fit" Gadget: with this option there will be the first available
optimization, this means that the first useful possibility - so as the sum
of the songs is not lesser than the length of side A minus 10 secs, nor
greater than the same length plus 30 secs - will be shown. This means that
if I have a 60 mins length tape, the first useful time in a range of 29:50 -
30:30 mins will be displayed. You don't have to worry about this overflow of
time, as a normal tape contains a minute more per each side. This technique
is particularly studied for those system with auto-reverse.
-"Best Fit" Gadget: with this gadget there will be the computation that more
gets near to the maximum length of a tape. Of course this method is slower,
but better. As, for a high number of songs (see the "mathematics" chapter)
this calculus may be extremely long (especially for a 68000), I've put a
percentage bar, and the possibility of interrupting the calculus in every
moment. In case you choose one the former gadgets, and the "C" gadget isn't
activated, it is also possible to know the minimum length of the necessary
tape. You just need to null (clear) the tape-length gadget and press either
"Best Fit" or "First Fit". The cursor will activate the tape-length gadget,
writing in it the minum time required. In Italy there are 46, 50, 54, 60,
64, 70, 74, 80, 84, 90, 94, 100 mins length tapes, and it's on these times
that the routine is based. This routine is useful in case you attach songs
and in case there are CD whose length is very close to that one of a tape
(for instance, 61 mins CD).
-"Manual" gadget: this gadget shows the first thirty available optimizations
by using the "First Fit" option. Studied for the most exigents, it's useful
in case the "Best Fit" is too slow; this way one can choose the most
agreable songs combination.
-"New" gadget: with this gadget everything is taken to default a part from
the lentgh tape. I suggest you to wait for the cursor to appear in the first
string gadget before going on.
-"Custom" gadget: you may use it to skip the optimization in order to
manually insert the data to print out on your tape cover. Useful in case you
duplicate from tape to tape, or if the CD thoroughlly fits into just one
side of a tape (as the optimization, even if possible, is unuseful).
-"Next" gadget: to go from songs #1-#21 to songs #22-#42.
-"Previous" gadget: to go from #22-#42 to #1-#21.
============================================================================
*SECOND PART - SHOWING AND PRINTING DATA*
-----------------------------------------
*STRING GADGETS*
================
They exactly work as before. On the left there is the number of the song.
You can change the songs names, or even add some other names. Anyway, no
option lets you change the number of the song written on the left. If you
also write the time length, the program calculates if really that songs fits
(useful in case the side B isn't full and you may want to record another
song). In case you simply press return on it, a "--:--" will be displayed,
and the number of the fittable songs will be virtually unlimited. Useful in
case you don't know the length of the song.
*CONTROL GADGETS*
=================
They are as follows: "Forth", "Back", "New", "Print", "Next", "Previous".
-"Forth" gadget: in order to see the next tape, or optimization, in case you
have pressed either "M" or "Manual".
-"Back" gadget: same as "Forth", but it's the contrary.
-"New" gadget: it erases all the songs you have written. The same thing
doesn't happen if you close the window with the "close" gadget. This latter
operation may come useful in case you want to change the name of the album
or of the tape length. Pressing, at this point, "Custom", data will still be
there.
-"Print" gadget: this gadget prints out the cover with the data you wrote.
In case one cover cannot fit all the songs (i.e. there are more than 16
songs per side) another one will be printed. The routine checks for the
printer status before printing, so it warns you about off-line problems, or
out-of-paper troubles and so on.
-"Next" gadget: to go to the next page.
-"Previous" gadget: to go to the previous page.
============================================================================
*SOME MATHEMATICS CONSIDERATIONS*
=================================
These considerations just want to make the math-geek user how technically it
is possible to know how to calculate all the possible combinations, and the
mean user how much the use of the "Best Fit" gadget may result long and
dangerous in some critical situations. Let's see the example of a 4 song
edit: here there are all the possibilities:
(let's call the songs with 1,2,3,4 and the symbols /,|,\ the links between
the songs themselves)
1 2 3 4 (i.e.:
/|\ / \ /
2 3 4 3 4 4 1; 1,2 ; 1,2,3; 1,2,3,4; 1,2,4;
/ \| / 1,3 ; 1,3,4
3 4 4 1,4 (=8)
/
4 2; 2,3 ; 2,3,4;
2,4 (=4)
3; 3,4; (=2)
4 (=1)
-------
(=15)
As you can see, every single group is given by the combination of the number
of songs (4) respect to the number of available groupings (from 1 to 4),
i.e., called with n the songs number, and with k the possible groupings:
n n
______ _____
\ n \ n!
\ = \ ________ = 2^n-1
/ k /
/_____ /____ k!(n-k)!
k=1 k=1
In the above example it's 2^4-1=(16)-1=15.
So you see that the time doesn't grow linearly to the growing of the number
of songs, but exponentially, and moreover this exponent depends on the
number of the songs. So if for 10 songs (the mean deal in a normal CD) there
are 1023 possibilities, for 20 songs there are 1.048.575 of them, and if we
want to insert all the 42 songs we get 4.39 exp(12); let's say that for 10
songs the "Best Fit" needs .5 secs; for 20 songs, it will take 8 mins!
Obviously this is a theroic calculus as not all the possibilities are taken
in consideration, as, for instance, if I have 20 songs but the sum of the
first 5 already overflows the maximum time, it's out of doubt that the sums
(1+2+3+4+5+6, ... ,1+2+3+4+...+19+20) will not be considered, as they will
surely give a negative result. This technique, in the above example, lets you
save 2^(20-5)-1 possible combinations (about 16 secs, possibly to add to
some other similar cases). Moreover, by using the "+" gadget, and
vincolating thus some songs, it's possible to speed up the execution times.
Generally, the "Best Fit" should be used for a number of songs lesser than
14 (that is, about 8 secs).
*NOTES - HOW TO GET THE COMPLETE VERSION OF THE PROGRAM*
========================================================
The current version in the BBS is a demo, so that this means that some
functions (the "+" gadget, the "M", "C", the "Best Fit" and the "Print"
ones) aren't available. In order to use at 100% my program, which costed me
a lot of fatigue, please send $15 or 20,000 Italian Liras to:
MARCEGLIA LUCA
VIA LA VIGNETTA 40
32100 BELLUNO
ITALY